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    {
      "id": "figure:toronto-indoor-humidity",
      "number": 1,
      "title": "Indoor relative humidity against the band hardwood needs",
      "caption": "Toronto indoor air spends much of the year outside the range hardwood is dimensionally stable in. The shaded band is the safe operating range; the two bars are the seasonal extremes an installed floor actually experiences. The gap between them is why moisture testing, acclimation and expansion gaps are not optional in this city.",
      "kind": "range",
      "unit": "% relative humidity",
      "url": "https://ecowoods.ca/data#fig-toronto-indoor-humidity",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Safe operating band for hardwood",
          "from": 35,
          "to": 55,
          "reference": true,
          "note": "Where the material is dimensionally stable"
        },
        {
          "label": "Winter indoor low",
          "from": 18,
          "to": 25,
          "note": "Heating season"
        },
        {
          "label": "Summer indoor high",
          "from": 60,
          "to": 75,
          "openEnded": true,
          "note": "Source states \"above 60%\" — the upper bound is not published"
        }
      ],
      "source": "https://ecowoods.ca/papers/toronto-hardwood-climate-moisture-protocol#climate-reality"
    },
    {
      "id": "figure:janka-hardness-gta",
      "number": 2,
      "title": "Janka hardness of the species used in the GTA",
      "caption": "Resistance to denting, for the five species that account for most Greater Toronto Area hardwood work. Hardness is one variable among several — stability, grain character and finish performance matter equally, and a species chosen on this number alone produces a floor that wears wrong.",
      "kind": "bar",
      "unit": "Janka rating",
      "url": "https://ecowoods.ca/data#fig-janka-hardness-gta",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Hickory",
          "value": 1820,
          "note": "Extreme durability"
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        {
          "label": "Hard maple",
          "value": 1450,
          "note": "High-traffic workhorse"
        },
        {
          "label": "White oak / European oak",
          "value": 1360,
          "approx": true,
          "note": "Current aesthetic and resale sovereign"
        },
        {
          "label": "Red oak (northern)",
          "value": 1290,
          "approx": true,
          "note": "Traditional default"
        },
        {
          "label": "Black walnut",
          "value": 1010,
          "note": "Luxury accent"
        }
      ],
      "source": "https://ecowoods.ca/papers/hardwood-selection-and-cost-framework-gta#species"
    },
    {
      "id": "figure:ontario-hardwood-growing-stock",
      "number": 3,
      "title": "Ontario growing stock, the hardwoods that become floors",
      "caption": "Standing volume in Ontario by species, from the province’s own 2021 forest inventory. Sugar maple 300,361,212 m³, red oak 85,019,702 m³, yellow birch 82,005,013 m³, ash as a group 42,273,003 m³, basswood 18,444,080 m³. Growing stock is what stands in the forest, not what is cut — Ontario publishes no hardwood-specific harvest volume at all, which is why the harvest is absent from this chart rather than estimated onto it.",
      "kind": "bar",
      "unit": "million cubic metres standing",
      "url": "https://ecowoods.ca/data#fig-ontario-hardwood-growing-stock",
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        {
          "label": "Sugar maple",
          "value": 300,
          "approx": true,
          "note": "Largest Ontario flooring hardwood"
        },
        {
          "label": "Red oak",
          "value": 85,
          "approx": true,
          "note": "Principal tolerant hardwood"
        },
        {
          "label": "Yellow birch",
          "value": 82,
          "approx": true,
          "note": "Principal tolerant hardwood"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ash (group)",
          "value": 42,
          "approx": true,
          "note": "Under emerald ash borer pressure"
        },
        {
          "label": "Basswood",
          "value": 18,
          "approx": true,
          "note": "Not used for flooring"
        }
      ],
      "source": "https://ecowoods.ca/papers/where-toronto-hardwood-comes-from#growing-stock"
    },
    {
      "id": "figure:nhla-clear-face-yield",
      "number": 4,
      "title": "NHLA lumber grades, by required clear-face yield",
      "caption": "What each National Hardwood Lumber Association grade requires a board to yield in clear cuttings, under the rulebook effective 1 January 2023: FAS 83-1/3% (10/12), No. 1 Common 66-2/3% (8/12), No. 2A Common 50% (6/12), No. 3A Common 33-1/3% (4/12). This is a lumber grade and it is fixed at the sawmill. It is not the flooring grade on your quote — that is a separate NWFA/NOFMA appearance grade, and the two systems do not cross-reference each other.",
      "kind": "bar",
      "unit": "% clear-face yield required",
      "url": "https://ecowoods.ca/data#fig-nhla-clear-face-yield",
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        {
          "label": "FAS",
          "value": 83,
          "approx": true,
          "note": "Boards 6\" and wider, 8–16 ft"
        },
        {
          "label": "No. 1 Common",
          "value": 66,
          "approx": true,
          "note": "Boards 3\" and wider, 4–16 ft"
        },
        {
          "label": "No. 2A Common",
          "value": 50,
          "note": "Minimum cutting 3\"×2 ft"
        },
        {
          "label": "No. 3A Common",
          "value": 33,
          "approx": true,
          "note": "Minimum cutting 3\"×2 ft"
        }
      ],
      "source": "https://ecowoods.ca/papers/hardwood-grading-standards-nhla-nwfa#nhla-yield"
    }
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}